##ity And Conformity In Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451

Conformity is when one complies with rules or regulations, typically relating to social norms or expectations. In Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451, Montag lives in a society where people value conformity and obedience to the government. In this society, the government uses censorship and installs strict social regulations on its population to control them to act the same, behave the same, and think the same. Citizens are a part of a population seemingly brainwashed by the oppressive government that controls their daily lives. In Fahrenheit 451, Bradbury portrays how outside forces can influence the thoughts and moral traits of the characters. In the beginning, Montag acted as everyone else did in his society, conforming to the government†¦show more content†¦Montag and the rest of society were taught that books were evil and so they do not question books. Without having anyone to influence them and change their beliefs, Montag and everyone else act the same way. However, Montag starts changing when he starts to question things in ways he has never done before after his encounter with Clarisse. In their first meeting, Clarisse tells Montag that she had once heard that firemen used to put out fires instead of starting them and Montag laughs at this. Clarisse then says, â€Å"You laugh when I haven’t been funny and you answer right off. You never stop to think what I’ve asked you† (8). The people in this society don’t engage in real conversations and ultimately have no mind of their own. By saying this Clarisse challenges Montag to actually think about things. Clarisse also makes Montag question his own happiness in life when she asks him if he’s happy (10). Montag initially thinks that it’s a ridiculous question and he believes that he is obviously happy. However, this question effectively leaves Montag wondering about his contentment with life: â€Å"He was not happy† (12). Montag realizes that he is in fact not happy with his current life as a fireman and with his relationship with Mildred. Clarisse offers Montag a new perspective on life that he has never really considered. Montag at first was as brainwashed as the majority in the society, but thanks

The Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock - 1422 Words

Imagine going out to a bar alone for a few drinks. Now imagine an attractive person sitting across from you. What do you do? Do you get up to talk to that person or continue drinking in solitary? Now consider the time spent dawdling away thinking of what you can be doing. Although most people may not realize how much time they put into actually thinking about their choices, it happens much too often.While most of our minds are busy thinking of what we can be doing, we neglect to consider that our repetitive, physical idleness during our indecisive thoughts are examples of great boredom. These ideas of boredom can be represented in T.S. Eliot’s poem â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† where Prufrock experiences different types of boredom†¦show more content†¦He says â€Å"To lead you to an overwhelming question †¦ Oh. do not ask. ‘What is it?’ Let us go and make our visit (10-12).† Prufrock wants to act on his actions, but wonder s what will happen and if his experience is worth the time after all? Or does he fear that whomever he is with questions the purpose of their interaction as well? Either way, he is overwhelmed with the thought of whether or not he should make a move. Thus leaving his ponderous thoughts meaningless. There is only time passing due to his fear of moving forward. According to Lars Svendsen in â€Å"The Philosophy of Boredom†, when we are bored, we tend to find meaning in what we are doing so that it is not boring. Prufrock seems to ignore the purpose of his lack of actions and social interaction, but dwells in his present thoughts. On the same note, Prufrock’s fear of making a decision is also another sign of boredom in which he lacks the ability to measure the quality of his actions. He says, â€Å"And time yet for a hundred indecisions, and for a hundred visions and revisions, before the taking of the toast and tea† Prufrock is unable to make a decision, he is saying there is time to decide and not decide. Although in his case, he fails to act on his wishful thoughts of socializing with a woman. In a way, he is justifying his idleness by contemplating that there will be more time to act. According to Svendsen, he refers to how we distinguish the quality of our actions and how at times weShow MoreRelatedThe Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock1647 Words   |  7 Pagesseen in T.S. Eliot’s work The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock. The main character, Prufrock, plans to ask the woman he loves the overwhelming question of marriage, but due to his pessimistic outlook, he became hesitant and self conscious. Surges of insecurity arise, and instead of proposing his love, Prufrock delays the question and spends the night talking nonsense to avoid the situation. In the end, Prufrock’s insecurities and fear of rejection alter his feelings of love into a sense of emotional protectionRead MoreThe Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock970 Words   |  4 PagesNever in Love When reading the title of T.S Eliot’s â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† it is believed we are in store for a poem of romance and hope. A song that will inspire embrace and warmth of the heart, regretfully this is could not be further from the truth. This poem takes us into the depths of J. Alfred Prufrock, someone who holds faltering doubt and as a result may never come to understand real love. â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† takes us through Prufrock’s mindset and his self-doubtingRead MoreThe Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock1072 Words   |  5 Pages We may never be given a second chance to do something daring ever again so we seize the day! However, people like in J. Alfred Prufrock make the attempt to do but it doesn’t work. â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock,† written by T.S. Elliot, essentially is about a simple man that wishes to ask a question, although the question is never revealed, the reader is taken on journey the with the speaker, only to find that they have spent a lengthy amount of time of their lives without ever asking theRead MoreThe Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock Essay1928 Words   |  8 PagesHuman Voices Wake Us and We Drown’: Community in ‘The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock’,† James Haba contends that the repeated use of â€Å"you†, â€Å"we†, and â€Å"us† in T. S. Eliot’s â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† creates a personal ambience around the reader and Prufrock. Because of this, Haba argues that Eliot’s use of personal pronouns and references produces a sense of community and intimacy between the reader and Prufrock (53), even though Prufrock seemingly struggles with emotions of intimacy andRead MoreThe Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock915 Words   |  4 PagesThe Love Song of Alfred Prufrock: Taking the Love out of Song A tragedy in a poem is usually characterized as an event that has a tragic or unhappy ending. They generally are used to teach morals or lessons. T.S. Eliot’s, â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock†, is considered a tragedy because of the way Eliot uses four different writing styles: word choice, figurative language, images, and biblical allusions. Using these styles, Eliot acknowledges the tragic endeavor of single, reclusiveRead MoreThe Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock1729 Words   |  7 PagesThe Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock The dramatic monologue â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock was written by Thomas Stearns Eliot and published in June of 1915. Eliot was born in St Louis, Missouri on September 26, 1888, where he grew up and lived until the age of eighteen. After high school, Eliot studied at Harvard University in Cambridge, MA and the Sorbonne in Paris, France. Eventually, Eliot ended up in England where he married his wife Vivien and spent the remainder of his lifeRead MoreThe Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock1125 Words   |  5 Pagesmodernism. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, despite being one of T.S Eliot s earliest publications, still manages to remain one of the most famous. He uses this poem to not only draw out the psychological aspect of members of modern society, but also to draw out the aspect of the time that he lived in. The speaker of this poem is a modern man who feels alone, isolated, and incapable of making decisive actions for himself. Prufrock desires to sp eak to a woman about his love for her, but heRead MoreThe Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock986 Words   |  4 PagesIn The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock by T. S. Eliot and Dover Beach by Matthew Arnold the poets utilizes poetic devices to convey their respective themes. Through use of symbols and metaphors, the speaker in The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock displays his fears of the changes brought with the younger generation, and isolation from the changing society. The speaker in Dover Beach, utilizes symbols, metaphors, and similes to state that the younger generation has less faith than the older, and societyRead MoreThe Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock1966 Words   |  8 Pagessymbolism to capture the readers attention in The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock. The poem has a dramatic discourse. The percipience of lifes emptiness is the main theme of the poem. Eliot exhorts the spiritual decomposition by exploring a type of life in death. T. S. Eliot, who in the Clark Lectures notes, Real Irony is an expression of suffering(Lobb, 53), uses irony and symbolism throughout the poem to exemplify the suffering of J. Alfred Prufrock who believes he is filled with spiritual morbidityRead MoreThe Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock1005 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock,† published in 1915, was written by a man named T.S. Eliot. The speaker of the poem begins to describe an evening that appears to be somewhat romantic and a little mysterious. As the reader progresses into the poem, the mood soon fades and the reader starts to figure out that this evening is not what they pictured. â€Å"Acquainted with the Night† is a poem written by Robert Frost. The poem was first published in 1927. The speaker of the poem has a similar mood as

Essay Tha Influence of Egyptian Art on Modern World

Tha Influence of Egyptian Art on Modern World Egyptian art has journeyed through the centuries as one of the most influential phenomenons in human civilization. From the Greeks to the Romans to the people of today, Egyptians and their beautiful representations in art and architecture have proven a legacy in the creations of certain landmarks, statues, and even advertisements. The Greeks derived many of their statues from Egyptian sculptures, such as the Kouros 600 B.C. The Roman emperor Augustus in expressing his rulership also drew from Egyptian sculpture when he had himself depicted as a statue of Menkaure (an ancient Egyptian king) with all the Egyptian trimmings of robe, crown, and posture. In more contemporary times, the Temple†¦show more content†¦In order to understand the nature of this product being sold, one must first identify with the historical aspect of the architectural structure to which Sony has referred to. Built from 2601B.C. - 2515 B.C. in honor of the dead king, Tutankhamun, the Pyramids of Giza (recognized as a funerary complex or tombs) has been deemed as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. It consists of the pyramids of Menkaures wives (foreground), pyramid of Menkaure (left), pyramid of Khafre (middle), and the pyramid of Khufu (right). A true pyramid with a square base and four sloping triangular faces, the Giza pyramids are the largest stone buildings ever built(Art History, Stokstad,pg.102). An estimated total number of 2,300,000 stones were used in creating this massive architectural structure and that each stone comprised of an average weight of two and a half tons. The largest stone found on the site weighed approximately 220 tons. As a result, the Giza pyramids covered a range of 13 acres of land. This remarkable feat has certainly raised the question of how such an amazing and unbelievable structure was built and why. There are many theories as to how the Giza pyramids were built. Some theorists feel that the stones were transferred from one place to another on special sleds. They would pour water under the sled to reduce friction. Others believe that the huge stones were transportedShow MoreRelatedA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagesmagic. The attribution to the Andalusian mathematician al-Majriti (or al-Madjriti) (d. ca. 1004-7) is considered pseudo-epigraphic. The Latin translation dates to 1256 and the court of Alphonso the Wise, king of Castille, and exerted a considerable influence on Western magic thereafter. It is said that much of Ficino’s astrological magic derives from the Picatrix (see I.P.Couliano, Eros and Magic in the Renaissance, University of Chicago Press, 1987, p. 118). The Picatrix is mentioned by Johannes Trithemius

Self Esteem And Eating Disorders - 1823 Words

Throughout history, women have transformed their appearances to match the current beauty ideal. Today, the idea of being a size zero has transformed itself from a trend into being an obsession. The fascination to be thin and â€Å"perfect† has invaded the minds of women and girls all over the world, it feels as if the pressure to have the perfect body everywhere. The ideals of beauty have been constantly focussed on women s bodies. It’s gone from the boyish figure during the roaring twenties to an hourglass figure that swept the 1930s and 1950s. Every year beauty standards change and continue to impact women’s lives. Many sources talked about self-esteem and eating disorders relating to the pressure for the perfect body throughout young girls and women. Other sources focused on the misleading influence of media on women and girls. In one article, â€Å"Body Image Dissatisfaction: Gender Differences in Eating Attitudes, Self-Esteem, and Reasons for Exercise† (Furnham, Badmin, Sneade), it talked about women and how they are more likely to judge themselves about their weight or size than men would. It also talked about the different struggles that men and women go through with their bodies. The article, â€Å"Perfect Body Image†, talked about what people are seeing in the news as being perfect. It also brings up the dangers of people thinking and being pressured into these standards. Dangers such as Anorexia, Bulimia, and other eating disorders, are becoming more and more common in societyShow MoreRelatedEating Disorder : Not A Problem Of Self Esteem1405 Words   |  6 PagesEATING DI SORDER: NOT A PROBLEM OF SELF-ESTEEM â€Å"No one is perfect.†, â€Å"Your body is beautiful as the way it is.†, â€Å"It is the problem of the way you think of yourself†. These are the words that you might associate with eating disorders. Many people come up with an extremely skinny individual seems like under 80lbs when it comes to eating disorder. Today, I would like to inform you of the importance of eating disorder. This is not about simply people with underweight, rather it is about one of theRead MoreTowards An Understanding Of Self Esteem And Eating Disorders1404 Words   |  6 PagesTowards an Understanding of Self-Esteem and Eating Disorders By Melissa H. Smith, Ph.D. | Submitted On September 24, 2012 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Melissa H. Smith, Ph.D. During aRead MoreEssay on Low Self-Esteem and Eating Disorders2215 Words   |  9 Pages What is Self-Esteem... Self-esteem has recently been defined by Silverstone as the sense of contentment and self-acceptance that stems from a persons appraisal of their own worth, significance, attractiveness, competence and ability to satisfy their aspirations (Silverstone 1992). Self-esteem is the degree to which a person values and respects themselves, and is proud of their accomplishments. Self-esteem begins to develop in childhood, but it solidifies and gains momentum during the turbulentRead MoreThe Effects Of Eating Disorders On A Young Womans Self Esteem2465 Words   |  10 PagesMr. Hines Period 6 Although eating disorders is a condition that has been growing amongst teenagers, it is never a personal choice and often stem from pressures given from the media. â€Å"Too many young girls have eating disorders due to low self-esteem and a distorted body image. I think it’s so important for girls to love themselves and to treat their bodies respectfully. Social media is a huge part of that... It has a huge impact on a young womans self esteem, because all they ever do isRead MoreThe Effects Of Eating Disorders On The Body Image And Low Self Esteem1896 Words   |  8 Pagesinflamed esophagus, scarring on hands and worn down yellow teeth due to stomach acid, and even worse, stomach ruptures and heart failure. Other eating disorders can cause any wide range of complication. Eating disorders stem from a distorted body image and low self esteem. Modern societies in westernized countries are the cause of the prevalence of eating disorders due to the media’s influence and the susceptibility of the general populace to succumb to the portrayed ‘ideal’ body image. The media in aRead MoreEating Disorders And Body Image1613 Words   |  7 Pages Eating disorders and body image Cenia Xu Father Michael Mcgivney Catholic Academy Effects of Eating disorders have on teenagers Every day, teenagers are surrounded by different messages from different sources that impact the way they feel about the way they look. For some, poor body image is a sign of a serious problem: an eating disorder. Eating disorders are not just about food.The eating disorders containRead MoreEffects Of Exercise Behaviors And Body Image And Eating Disorder Development1742 Words   |  7 Pagesbehaviors and physical self-esteem on eating behaviors looks at one facet of this relationship. Exercise behaviors that will be looked at will take into account intensity of exercise, exercise frequency, and motivations for exercise. Self-esteem is multifaceted, but focusing on physical self-esteem pinpoints the physical appearance factors. Eating behaviors will be defined as the presence of significant eating disorder symptomology further detailed in the methods section. Eating disorder categories coveredRead MoreThe Struggles of Self Esteem662 Words   |  3 PagesSelf criticism can lead to dissatisfaction with one’s body image and self esteem. Body image distortion is known to be affecting adults and adolescents worldwide. The pursuit for perfection often results in the sense of failure which regularly leads to acts of self harm. These acts can be as common as unhealthy dieting as well as excessive exercising which can build up into life threatening eating disorders. Anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and depression are commonly associated with negative body imageRead MoreMy Friend Who Struggles With Low Self Esteem Through Email ( Ij )902 Words   |  4 PagesI interviewed my friend who struggles with low self-esteem through email (IJ, February 27, 2016). She does not want her name in this paper, so I will be using her initials. IJ was slightly chubby in elementary and middle school and that affected her self-esteem. She did not like her body because she was not as thin as the models and actresses and saw in magazines and on TV. She wanted to lose weight because she thought that â€Å"would give her confidence.† In high school she started to lose weight becauseRead More The Cause of Eating Disorders Essay591 Words   |  3 PagesThe Cause of Eating Disorders Although the causes are many and varied, we know that people with eating disorders often use food and the control of food in an attempt to compensate for feelings and emotions that may otherwise seem overwhelming. For some, dieting, bingeing and purging may begin as a way to cope with painful emotions and a way to feel in control of ones life, but ultimately, these behaviors will damage a persons physical and emotional health, self-esteem and sense of competence

Competency Hospitality Industry Employees †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Competency Hospitality Industry Employees? Answer: Introducation The three chosen subjects from stage 1 are food and beverage management, Housekeeping and management concepts that are learnt in hotel and hospitality management (Brown, Arendt and Bosselman 2014). Food and beverage management is about having the knowledge of food service operations along with hospitality at the initial level. However, in addition to the nutrition and the cooking classes the students also have the liberty to take part in internships that encourages developments of hands-on skills (Davis et al. 2013). Along with this various culinary arts and wines is also learned. This particular subject helps any student to take on the roles as a manager at the time of their placements in hospitality and hotel industry. This subject further helps in preparing an individual with the job skills that are need to succeed in this industry along with the skills of leadership that is needed for a continuous career in the industry of restaurant and food service (Suh, West and Shin 2012). Am ong the visitors in the hotels or resorts, 25% of them are ascribing to food and beverage when they are travelling. However, in the industry placement the knowledge or benefits of this subject that is described were an expanded awareness about tourism that is in this industry every day come with a new challenge as guest are new (Nieves, Quintana and Osorio 2014). Thus, for instance any employee who is working in a profession of food and beverage will have the understanding of all the steps of the hotel takes in its supply chain. Thus, the experience of the employee will be that what resources are required to create certain dishes or drinks. Apart from this, an employee who is working for this food and beverage industry will also check the foods and drinks received by the customers for free or at lower prices. This work is totally based on working with the people and so for those working in this part that is food and beverage management definitely the job will be stressful (Brotherto n 2012). However, the food and beverage department in any hospitality business is accountable for retaining elevated quality of food and services, costing of the food and managing the restaurants and bars. This service is of the services related to food that are cooked in the kitchen and the drinks that are blended in the bar for the customers at the food and beverage place. Moreover, these outlets are divided in different categories like there are different types of restaurants, lounge, bar, nightclubs, in room dining, meeting and conference rooms, ballrooms, delicatessens along with the outlets of food and snack bars. Thus, this department deals with so many categories and make sure that work is done with full customer service. Food and beverage managers are employed in restaurants, coffee shops, bars, clubs, hotels and other places where foods and drinks are served. Therefore, this subject has a weight age for the students of hotel and hospitality management (AbuKhalifeh and Som 2012). The next subject is housekeeping. The role of housekeeping in hotel and hospitality management is huge. This department of housekeeping takes pleasure in keeping the hotels polished and comfortable for their guests (Boella and Goss-Turner 2013). However, the main aim of the Housekeeping staffs is to provide clean, attractive as well as comfortable and a welcoming environment to the customers that can provide them the value of their money paid. Therefore, housekeeping can be defined as the presentation of a polished, comfortable and safe surrounding. Housekeeping has a huge importance, as it is the operational department of the hotels, which is also accountable for the maintenance, and aesthetic services of rooms, the public areas, back areas and the environment (Daskin and Tezer 2012). Thus, not only it produces polished and attractive guestroom on time for those customers but it also has the responsibility to maintains everything in a hotel so that the hotel property is viewed as fr esh and attractive for the customers to enhance the business. Therefore, Housekeeping contributes in a huge way regarding the overall character of the business being an ancillary department. Thus in the subject that teaches about housekeeping students learn what are basic that should be done in an extraordinary way like cleaning, organizing, decorating and primary home repairs. Thus the knowledge gained from the subject Housekeeping is the basic functioning that are use to keep the facility clean. However, for the industry placement if some examples are to be considered where the knowledge of the housekeeping can be applied is to perform various activities of cleaning like sweeping, mopping, dusting along with polishing (Suh, West and Shin 2012). At these various activities, the knowledge that is learnt must be utilized followed by the verification of very room that must be taken care and inspected according to the business standard and satisfaction of the customers. For the student s of housekeeping they further look after that guests do not feel that there is any insufficiency of the basic requirements. Lastly, their sole responsibility is also to inform their superiors about any damage, shortfall and disruptions. However, the department of housekeeping has an important role to play in any hospitality industry. Roles like achieving the utmost possible productivity in ensuring the care as well as comfort of the customers through a smooth working of this department. Then they also have to maintain a welcoming environment and verify increased standards of cleanliness and general maintenance in those areas that comes under housekeeping. Apart from these, they also keep a tract and provide uniforms for all the employees coming under this department, laundering requirements of the quest clothing and the clothes of hotel are also induced in this, they also handle the issues if any articles are lost or they found some materials. They also maintains the landscaped are as of the hotel and helps with floral decorations, they renovate and refurnish the hotel or resort properties with the concern of manager or interior designers. They however maintain a cordial working relationship with all the other departments and most importantly, they confirm that the safety and security orders are circulated to all the employees of the department (Chen and Shen 2012). The last subject that was learnt was about the management concepts. The managerial concepts are those that will help a hotel and hospitality management student to plan, organize, staffing, directing then coordinating and controlling the works in their business (Boella and Goss-Turner 2013). However this subject make a student learn about the essential skills for a future employee of this business are as follows:- Innovation- this concept teaches how to always pursue the ways by which one can improve the organization. Strong managers will thus, highlight quality over the quantity in their work and by themselves will take the initiative. However, the focus of this concept is to make the students learn something new each day to enhance their skills. Vision- vision is needed to achieve certain goals. Thus, the hospitality managers are holding the sole responsibility to communicate the vision of the business and to ask others to share and implement that vision. Management concepts teach students how they can inspire others towards the goal of the business. Inner values- this concept makes students aware that they must have recognition about the values that have been imbibed to them by their families and they are made aware that a balance is essential in their work life to become successful. The essential features of this concept are sense of humor when dealing with the customers, knowing, and raising the strength one has to flourish in this business. Inspiration- managers in this business must inspire their co-workers in various ways. Thus, in a real working condition the manager must ask for the inputs and ideas. Thus, when a manager is able to inspire the other staffs then they also will get confidence and know that what is expected from them. The employees will also feel authorized to make part in decision-making and thus can work towards the targeted goal. Communication- managerial concepts teach that managers must be a good communicator. Thus, the qualities that they must have are of being a good speaker and a good listener. However, managers must be interested and curious by asking questions to all the delivering services. However, during the industry placement the knowledge that are provided on management concepts are like example the managers will always be responsible for the work done by them and so an advance planning or thinking is always required from their side. Thus, the main concern for them are planning, organizing, activating and controlling. Moreover, it is very important for employees in this hospitality business to know the management concepts so that they can understand the culture of the organization for which they are working along with its benefits and through this, they can bring together the vision, mission and goals of the organization at one place. The best hotel and hospitality organization will always have a standard culture, which is assisted by the belief that the organization holds and reflects through their commitment and practices of their work. Through the management concepts, one can learn more about the customers needs and can be successful in fulfilling their needs wit hout much issues and deficiencies (McNeil, Frey and Embrechts 2015). This hotel and hospitality industry is a huge business that is focused on the customers satisfaction. However, though this industry has various services but its main is one and only the customers. Customers are of six types in the hospitality business and they are the ones who know it all, the important ones, the loyal one, indecisive one, young family and complainer (Prudhomme and Raymond 2013). However, it is the practical knowledge and the individual instincts that cannot be learnt from books rather it comes along with experiences of interacting. The knowledge that is learnt in the campus is not always applicable in the industrial placement but rather certain adaptation is required in the areas of communication. As the priority in this industry is its customers, thus their satisfaction is of highest concern. However, communication skills cannot be learned in the campus until and unless one is interacting with the customers. In situations where the customer is, visiting a hotel for the first time will not have a clear communication with the staffs of that hotel (Wang 2013). The customer will not be aware of where the guest rooms are and how they should get there. This particular situation will not be described in any book or there will not be any in hand solution that can be put. Rather the front office staffs of this industry have to approach and build that communication when the guests check in. In another situation, like in a hotel if any customer receives in incorrect order then that means that the server has not been communicating with the customer properly. Thus, from instances it is proved that front office staffs may face such crises also, where they need to be spontaneous when faced by such situations and no knowledge of the campus can help them. Thus, communication skills are the one that cannot be learned in the campus rather one needs to adapt skills like being a good listener, not interrupting the customers, to avoid negative questions, using pos itive statements more, extremely careful of misinterpreting words or phrases, anticipating the objections and questions of the customers, keeping them informed (Law, Buhalis and Cobanoglu 2014). The front office staffs must brush up and adopt the skills of communication like showing empathy, being friendly, having an open mindedness, respecting the customers, friendliness, being confident and the important part is open to get feedbacks from the customers as well as from the other staff members. However, these communications skills cannot be acquired through any books or in campus but rather it can only be obtained by dealing with situations and gaining experiences based on the spontaneous decision taking at those situations. In a work place situation nothing is theory based very situation an employee face is based on their spontaneous decision-making skill and their practical experiences. Nonetheless, what is learned in campus solely rely on the theoretical concepts. Therefore, what is learnt in the campus cannot be directly applied in a work place situation when communicating with the various customers (Testa and Sipe 2012). References AbuKhalifeh, A.N. and Som, A.P.M., 2012. Service quality management in hotel industry: a conceptual framework for food and beverage departments.International Journal of Business and Management,7(14), p.135. Boella, M. and Goss-Turner, S., 2013.Human resource management in the hospitality industry: A guide to best practice. Routledge. Boella, M. and Goss-Turner, S., 2013.Human resource management in the hospitality industry: A guide to best practice. Routledge. Brotherton, B. ed., 2012.International Hospitality Industry. Routledge. Brown, E.A., Arendt, S.W. and Bosselman, R.H., 2014. Hospitality management graduates perceptions of career factor importance and career factor experience.International Journal of Hospitality Management,37, pp.58-67. Chen, T.L. and Shen, C.C., 2012. Today's intern, tomorrow's practitioner?The influence of internship programmes on students' career development in the Hospitality Industry.Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport Tourism Education,11(1), pp.29-40. Daskin, M. and Tezer, M., 2012. Organizational politics and turnover: An empirical research from hospitality industry.Turizam: znanstveno-stru?ni ?asopis,60(3), pp.273-291. Davis, B., Lockwood, A., Pantelidis, I. and Alcott, P., 2013.Food and beverage management. Routledge. Law, R., Buhalis, D. and Cobanoglu, C., 2014. Progress on information and communication technologies in hospitality and tourism.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,26(5), pp.727-750. McNeil, A.J., Frey, R. and Embrechts, P., 2015.Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. Nieves, J., Quintana, A. and Osorio, J., 2014. Knowledge-based resources and innovation in the hotel industry.International Journal of Hospitality Management,38, pp.65-73. Prudhomme, B. and Raymond, L., 2013. Sustainable development practices in the hospitality industry: An empirical study of their impact on customer satisfaction and intentions.International Journal of Hospitality Management,34, pp.116-126. Suh, E., West, J.J. and Shin, J., 2012. Important competency requirements for managers in the hospitality industry.Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport Tourism Education,11(2), pp.101-112. Suh, E., West, J.J. and Shin, J., 2012. Important competency requirements for managers in the hospitality industry.Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport Tourism Education,11(2), pp.101-112. Testa, M.R. and Sipe, L., 2012. Service-leadership competencies for hospitality and tourism management.International journal of hospitality management,31(3), pp.648-658. Wang, Y.F., 2013. Constructing career competency model of hospitality industry employees for career success.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,25(7), pp.994-1016.

Business Law for Negligence - Liability and Damages- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Law for Negligence,Liability and Damages. Answer: Facts of case A temporary ride, Chair-o-lift was set up by the Mid Show organizers at Paynesville as they did at the previous year's show. Yiming urged Fatima to join him as he had been on such rides several times before. When they purchased the tickets, the attendant forgot to tell them but he did get both of them to sign the tickets. Yiming and Fatima did not paid attention towards the terms and conditions of the tickets before signing the tickets assuming the information to be as ordinary as in case of any other ordinary tickets. On the central pylon, there was a notice with terms and conditions of travelling on the chair-o-lift; however, it was partly covered by some advertising posters. During getting ready to get off from the chair-o-lift, Yiming's foot got caught in the strap and he fell about two metres off the platform and got severely injured. Yiming wishes to sue the organizers of the show for his injuries and organizers argue that they are not liable because of exclusion clause at the back side of the ticket and the notice on the central pylon as well. Issues raised by the facts The issue here is that that whether Yiming can successfully sue the show organizers for the injuries caused to him or not? Relevant legal principles Contract law of Australia is applicable in this case. In this context, it has been explained in paragraph 1 of Law Hand Book, that a contract is considered as an agreement between two people with offer and acceptance, intention to form a legally binding agreement, paid, legal ability to enter a contract with a free will, and proper consideration and permission of what is implicated.[1] It has been explained in the paragraph 3 of ACL that the contract can be considered as illegal and void because of false statements, threat or constraint, excessive influence, or unconscionable dealings.[2] For the purpose of a contract, an offer made by one party must be accepted by the other party. An offer must be distinguished from just a deal or negotiation. An offer is considered as a promise that is required to be bound in a case the offer is accepted. It has been described in the statutory prohibition category of Contract law in ACCL that an offer can be withdrawn before the order is accepted, for which, the offer must be communicated.[3] Acceptance of the offer occurs when the party agrees to the offer through statement or act. It has been explained in paragraph 4 of Law Hand Book that acceptance must be explicit and communicated to the offer because it has not been expressly rejected.[4] As per the Contract law of Australia, it becomes possible to claim compensation for various kinds of injuries received while driving or at work, as a sufferer of crime, or when a person who has the liability of care did careless or dangerous acts and caused the injury and it has been specified in page 169 of Shodhganga also.[5] Negligence should be established because the cause of injury, responsibility, consent, and the conduct of parties, and the predictability of the injury are taken into consideration by the court in such cases as mentioned in Negligence and injury section of Law Hand Book.[6] Taking into consideration, the points of agreement, express terms are stated to be in writing or speech. In case of written contract, the assumption is that the document must contain all the terms and conditions of the contract as mentioned in 2nd paragraph of Express terms of contract.[7] Application of relevant legal principles to the facts Contract law of Australia is applicable in this case because providing a ticket and get it signed by the other party can be considered as entering into a contract. As a contract is considered as an agreement between the two parties with offer and acceptance of each other, it establishes the intention of both the parties to form a legally binding agreement, for which the party entering into the contract has paid the ticket prices, and entered into the contract with a free will, and proper consideration and permission of what has been implicated. For the purpose of a contract, an offer made by one party must be accepted by the other party and Yiming has entered into the contract with the organizers by showing acceptance by signing the contract. The offer was distinguished as the attendant got the ticket signed by both of them. However, it was negligence on the part of attendant that he forgot to tell them that the conditions of using the chair-o-lift were printed on the ticket. Thus, it can be analysed that there was lack of effective communication between the two parties, particularly from the side of attendant. Acceptance of the offer occurs when the party agrees to the offer through statement or act and it is well established that Yiming and Fatima signed the tickets, which exhibits their total consent to agree to the terms and conditions of the contract. In order to convert the agreement into contractual form, they have paid an appropriate amount of charges for purchasing the tickets, which establishes their consent to the contract. Acceptance must be explicit and communicated to the offer but in this case, both of them took the information on the ticket negligently and assumed it simply as their entry tickets. As per the Contract law of Australia, Yiming can claim compensation for the injuries he received as a sufferer, or when an attendant who has the liability of care acted careless which became the reason of injury. However, to sue a company considering their negligence is required to be established as the cause of injury, liability, consent, and the conduct of parties, and the predictability of the injury are taken into consideration by the court in such cases as mentioned in 1st paragraph of Negligence section in Law Book.[8] If the points of contract are taken into consideration, express terms are stated to be in writing or speech, which was clearly stated by the organizing party in the printed form in the ticket as mentioned in 3rd paragraph on page 5 of the report.[9] In addition to it, the ticket contains all the terms and conditions along with the exclusion clause at the back side of the ticket. It establishes their seriousness towards the contract and their legal binding with the procedures as mentioned in 6th paragraph on page 13 of the report.[10] Tentative Conclusion After analysing the rules in Australia and their applicability to the case, it can be concluded that the acts done by both the parties are negligent. The organizers have acted negligently as their attendant did not explained the rules to Yiming and Fatima before getting the ticket signed, in order to keep the communication effective to enter into the contract. However, he got the tickets signed by both of them without telling them the conditions. Yiming and Fatima are also at fault because they have signed the ticket without examining it inside out assuming that it was simply an entry ticket. It becomes their responsibility to examine the document whatever it is carefully, before signing it for a purpose. Above all, they have seen the notice in the central pylon but, it was faded and partially covered by some advertisements. The organizers claimed that there was an exclusion clause at the back of the ticket but, it was not informed to the injured party and the notice on the central p ylon contained the same exclusion clause, which was faded and partially covered. It shows greater degree of negligence on the part of organizers and their liability towards the people who might suffer severe injuries just like Yiming due to their acts. Therefore, Yiming can sue the show organizers but, he will also be considered as negligent because of the lack of reasonable conduct before entering into the contract. Bibliography Simpsons Solicitors. (2000). The Principles of Contract. Simpsons Solicitors. Australian Contract Law. (2016). Australian Contract and Consumer Law. Retrieved September 19, 2017, from https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/ Clarke, J. (2013). Terms of a contract. Retrieved September 19, 2017, from https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/scope-terms.html Ellinghaus, M. P. (1989). An Australian Contract Law. Shodhganga. (2012). Award of Compensation to the Victims of Motor Accident in India: Judicial Trends. Retrieved from https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in: https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/7253/12/12_chapter%204.pdf Law Hand book. (2016). Negligence, liability and damages. Retrieved September 19, 2017, from https://www.lawhandbook.org.au/2016_10_01_01_negligence_liability_and_damages Law Handbook. (2016). Elements of a contract. Retrieved September 19, 2017, from https://www.lawhandbook.org.au/07_01_02_elements_of_a_contract/ Law Handbook. (2017). Negligence and injury. Retrieved September 19, 2017, from https://www.lawhandbook.org.au/2017_10_01_00_negligence_and_injury Legal Services Commission. (2017). Contracts. Retrieved September 19, 2017, from https://www.lawhandbook.sa.gov.au/ch10s02.php Motto, M., Schuck, R. (2012). Australian Contract Law. Consult Australia. Radan, P., Gooley, J., Vickovich, I. (2010). Principles of Australian Contract Law: Cases and Materials. LexisNexis Butterworths. The Law Society of NSW Young Lawyers. (2012). Australian Government Review of Australian. Utz, C. (2015). Australian Contract Law. Retrieved September 19, 2017, from https://www.acc.com/legalresources/quickcounsel/australian-contract-law.cfm

Needs of Clients with Alcohol and/or Drugs Issues

Question: Discuss the Needs of Clients with Alcohol and/or Drugs Issues. Answer: Activity 1 At which stage of change do you think Leo may be and why? In this case study, the client, Leo has been working as a forklift driver. His workmates have raised an issue of excessive alcohol intake against him, which he has denied, however he admitted the same when asked by the authority. In order to analyse this behaviour of Leo, it can be said that he is going through the second stage of the Change Model, which is Contemplation. This stage refers to the condition when a person is aware about his or her bad behaviour or addiction, yet is not ready to change it (Prochaska, 2013). The remark made by Leo stating that he is not drinking more than his workmates, is indicative of his acknowledgement of his addition to alcohol. However, neither is he showing a concern for his addiction nor a willingness to change such behaviour. Give an example of a brief intervention response to Leo. Leo can be counselled with the technique called Brief Intervention, which is a procedure to initiate changes in a person who is addicted to an unhealthy or risky behaviour such as smoking, alcohol misuse or lack of exercise. According to Kaner et al. (2013), it is the process of screening to analyse the risk level in individuals prone to drinking. This process uses a tool known as the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). The work procedure of this technique can be applied in two methods such as, Influencing people to think differently about their alcohol consumption to change their behaviour Encouraging people to drink with skills that the beverages (alcohol) cannot affect their health and it can be used in a safer way Activity 2 At which stage of change do you think Rod may be and why? In this case study, Rod is addicted to the habit of smoking and has recently been diagnosed with a heart disease for which doctors have advised to give up smoking. He has tried his level best to give up the habit but he has failed to do so. This stage is considered as the fourth stage of the Change Model, referred to as the Action or Willpower stage. This stage refers to the condition of a person who is aware of the bad habit and is willingly trying to overcome it. People need to possess a firm determination to change any behaviour; otherwise they have to face the greatest risk for relapse (Zemore and Ajzen, 2014). Therefore, Rod is going through a very sensitive stage of change. Activity 3 List five cognitive effects that Tony may exhibit. According to the case study, Tony is suffering from Alcohol Related Brain Injury or ARBI, which has made him jobless and fully unemployed. Additionally, he is also not fit physically to begin work. Therefore, he is searching for a permanent accommodation. The cognitive effects that Tony may exhibit are following (Atkins et al., 2015) The disorder has made him very impulsive and reckless, therefore, he will be facing problem in controlling his behaviour The result of this ARBI can make his mood disorder, and it might be ended in depression He can feel lack of motivation. He can be socially isolated from others. He can face attention and concentration problems. What would you need to take into account when communicating with Tony and any agencies you may be in contact with, regarding his income and housing? When communicating with Tony, one should try and interact more with him, so that it does not feel him isolated from the society, as he is not able to work due to his physical shortcoming. Therefore, he needs special care and affection from the people. Moreover, people should be humble with him as well as sympathetic to his condition (Brighton et al., 2015). Additionally, he should be motivated for living his future life with confidence. Moreover, Tony has to feel a sense of confidence, courage and hope, even in the light of such misfortune.. As he has not any resource of income, therefore, he has to be referred to get an house of low cost else in a care home where he can get treatment along with accommodation. Activity 4 List Fionas immediate, medium term and long-term needs, as identified through your initial discussion According to the case study, Fiona is suffering from addiction to alcohol and she is not able to take care of her little daughter. Therefore, she needs treatment to get rid of this addiction to lead a normal and healthy life with her daughter. She is suffering from a problem in her relationship with her partner as her partner has blamed her about his arrest and punishment of jail. Therefore, now she needs legal help to handle this problem. Additionally, she needs an accommodation that will be permanent in nature, as she has spent a few days in the jail and now has nothing to do. Therefore, she is need of a permanent accommodation on a long-term basis. Using interpersonal skills are important in the process of communication when trying to determine effective referral pathway. List at least 4 steps that are involved in this process to ensure appropriate referrals are made. (Refer to learning guide) Interpersonal skills are necessary for understanding the problems faced by Fiona. She needs help from the General Practice Clinic to arrange an accommodation for living. In this context, she should be communicated to with a positive attitude that can give her confidence to solve her problem. Additionally, the use of a sympathetic approach should make her comfortable with the nurse when arranging accommodation for her (Koprowska, 2014). She should be treated by the organisation that can transform self-confidence to her and finally, the ability to coping with pressure can help her to fight the situation. Identify four agencies that may be appropriate referrals, and that can provide services to meet Fionas needs. State why the agencies you identify are appropriate. The four agencies that may be appropriate referrals, which can provide assistance to Fiona and meet her needs are mentioned below: Fiona has been suffering from alcohol addiction, therefore she has to be send to a drug rehabilitation agency to get rid of her addiction to alcohol A legal harassment and problem has raised with her partner, therefore, she needs a good lawyer to manage her problem with her partner. She needs to get a permanent accommodation for living her life peacefully with her daughter. Therefore, she needs to contact a real estate company to get a house at low cost. There are no source of income for her and her English is very poor, therefore she needs to take admission in a training centre where she would be able to get proper guidance and training. Assume you will need to make a referral phone call to one of the agencies you have identified. (You do NOT need to call them, just keep them in mind as you answer the following questions) Identify the referral agency you will call In this case, the Drug Rehabilitation Centre is considered to develop the questionnaire to ask them about the client, Fiona. She will be sent to them to get treatment for her addiction to alcohol. The tele conversation would be as follows, Our client Fiona is suffering from intense alcohol addiction and facing many problems in her personal life as she has a little daughter. She has made futile attempts twice previously to give this up. Therefore, she will be sent to your centre so that she may be treated and show positive signs of recovery. Write a checklist of questions you will need to ask the referral agency, and the type of information needed by your client. The Drug Rehabilitation Centre should be asked the following questions. Q1. What is the location of your centre? Q2. When can I send the client to you for a conversation? Q3. How much your treatment will be beneficial for the patient? Reference List Atkins, S., Rackham, K., Acevedo, J., Dowman, J. K., Fowell, A. J., Aspinall, R. J. (2015). PWE-138 Increasing burden of alcohol related brain injury is disproportionate to hospital admissions with liver disease.Gut,64(Suppl 1), A273-A273. Brighton, R., Moxham, L., Traynor, V. (2012). Support and services for people with alcohol-related brain injury.Australian Nursing and Midwifery Journal,20(3), 36. Kaner, E., Bland, M., Cassidy, P., Coulton, S., Dale, V., Deluca, P., ... Newbury-Birch, D. (2013). Effectiveness of screening and brief alcohol intervention in primary care (SIPS trial): pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial.Bmj,346, e8501. Koprowska, J. (2014).Communication and interpersonal skills in social work. Learning Matters. Prochaska, J. O. (2013). Transtheoretical model of behavior change. In Encyclopedia of behavioral medicine(pp. 1997-2000). Springer New York. Zemore, S. E., Ajzen, I. (2014). Predicting substance abuse treatment completion using a new scale based on the theory of planned behavior.Journal of substance abuse treatment,46(2), 174-182.

Should Abortion Be Legalized free essay sample

Should abortion be legalized? Abortion has become one of the most socially divisive and debatable issue. It has produced a huge controversy all over the world. So, should we consider ethics, moral values, religion and illegalize abortion? Is abortion violating human rights? Abortion can be done in two ways, taking the abortion pills or undergo the in-clinic abortion. One of the mostly used abortion pill which is also known as medication abortion is the RU-486. It is only effective if the patient takes it within 63 days after her last period.However, in some cases which it doesn’t work and pregnancy continues, it leads to serious birth defects. As for the in-clinic abortion, the most common is called the Vacuum Aspiration which is used within 16 weeks of pregnancy while the Dilation and Evacuation is used for pregnancy that has exceeded 16 weeks. Both of the ways are very effective but that the risk of death from abortion will increase as the duration of pregnancy increases. We will write a custom essay sample on Should Abortion Be Legalized or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Needless to say, abortion has its consequences and risks such as post abortion syndrome, complications and dies during the abortion. Abortion could even leads to more miscarriage later on.In the abortion debate there are two groups, the pro-choice with people who support legal abortion and the pro-life with people who against legal abortion. One of the common issues brought up is the issue of considering abortion as the killing of an innocent human being. The pro-life activists think that pre-embryo, embryo or fetus should be taken as a separate individual and therefore they have human rights to choose whether they want to live in this world or not. The parents should not have the right to end their life. Other than that, pro-life advocates also use fetal pain as a point to strengthen their objection towards legal abortion.Fetal pain is referring to the pain a fetus would suffer from abortion. However, the fetal pain belief is objected by the pro-choice advocates. The researchers of University of California did researches and said that the fetus is unlikely to feel any pain during abortion until the third trimester. Studies and reports showed that the fetus will only react to the stimulation at the third trimester, which means they will not feel any pain until they are about 28 weeks. In my opinion, I think abortion up to the late second trimester should be legalized as there are some specific cases and situation where women need abortion. Cases like unwilling or unplanned pregnancy, parents could not effort the child, deformation of fetus and pregnant woman’s health condition, abortion could be taken into consideration. If abortion is not legalized, more people will choose to go for illegal abortion which is more dangerous. They may encounter improper trained doctors or medical centers lacking of proper medical facilities. Furthermore, if a pregnant woman especially a teenager is to give birth unwillingly, most of the time the scenario we could see are babies being abandoned and left to die. Unwanted babies are often left in public toilets or rubbish bins.Some of them are lucky when they are found and saved but how’s the fate of the other half ? Obviously, they will suffer and eventually die. This should be the very last thing that we hope to see. Besides that, for some unprepared couples who are too young and not ready or single mothers who are still naive, how is the life of the baby would be? This should be taken seriously as the number of children died due to parents’ negligence increases throughout the years. Children would be the one who suffer if they do not have enough love from their parents. Of course, there is an alternative way, which is adopting.Adopting usually provides more benefits and opportunities for both mother and child. So, there are two options, either aborting or adopting, both are choices to be chosen. There also many organization which are willing to help single mothers to make their decisions. In conclusion, I think the government should reconsider and legalize not only therapeutic abortion but also the elective abortion. We should learn to see the good side of abortion apart from the thought that it is an action which took the baby’s right away. Why do we let the baby come to this world when we are not ready to give them love and care but abandoned them to their fate?

Compare Online Relationships with Face-to-Face Relationships Essay Example

Compare Online Relationships with Face-to-Face Relationships Essay Perhaps, to think that online relationships are in some points more superficial, deceitful or perilous than face-to-face relationship is such a dangerously-shallow deception. In fact, online relationships aren’t much different from real life relationships. Despite the fact that people have grown panic towards online relationships lately, face-to-face relationships themselves don’t serve any fewer disadvantages. Somehow it has been believe to be true that online relationships and face-to-face relationships are totally unalike, nonetheless the two elationships share three similarities covering intimacy, sincerity and risks. The first similarity concerns level of intimacy between two people in the relationship. Face-to-face relationships allow people to actually meet in person. In a real-life situation, they can see each other or have conversations with real interaction, such as eyes contact and body languages. The relationships can develop into further closeness and somet imes the couples end up with marriage. Similarly, all types of interactions provided in face-to-face relationships also exists in online relationships. By using interactive devices, such as web cameras, microphones and speakers, actual talking and seeing becomes possible through the internet. Deeper intimacies like serious relationships or marriage are also feasible for many internet couples. A new study of online dating site members has found that when couples who had built up a significant relationship by e-mailing or chatting online met for the first time, 94 per cent went on to see each other again. Moreover, the study also shows the successful relationships which last at least seven months and in some case over a year. This result proves that online relationships have a similar degree of success as real life ones. (Dr Gavin and Dr Adrian Scott, 2005) Additionally, according to the online dating research conducted by Marry Madden and Amanda Lenhart in 2006, nearly 3 million adults have entered long-term relationships or married their online dating partners. These evidences confirm that the situation of online dating is not any less real than face-to-face relationships. Secondly, the two relationships have something in common dealing with sincerity. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare Online Relationships with Face-to-Face Relationships specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Compare Online Relationships with Face-to-Face Relationships specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Compare Online Relationships with Face-to-Face Relationships specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In face-to-face relationships there are opportunities to meet not only decent people but also the spurious. People lie, research has shown, in one-fourth of their daily social face-to-face interactions especially when it comes to the relationship issues. (Cornell University communications researchers, n. d. ) For example, some lie about having an affair. One study found that 2/3 of the wives (26 to 36 million women) whose husbands were cheating had no idea their husbands were having an affair. This’s because their husbands lied to them and they failed to recognize the telltale signs. Moreover, 25 percent of men and 17 percent of women had been unfaithful no matter how many years there’ve been married. (National Opinion Research Center, n. d. ) Likewise, online relationships offer both sincerity and deception. Nowadays, it has been on the news that internet relationships mostly lack elements of truth and frankness. Anyone can make up his or her profile about the looks, personality, occupation, education, financial status, or even name. These disadvantages of online relationships can occur in face-to-face relationships as well. However, honesty is not mpossible to find in cyberspace, due to the fact that there still be lots of genuine people using internet as a tool to find the right person for them to have relationships with. Furthermore, sincerity can also be found in other forms, several kind of support groups, such as groups for anxiety, depression, and substance abuse. As some of the members of each group share their own experiences, their relationships become a sincere binding between them and develop to further possibilities. All these proofs proves that online relationships should not be accused of eing more doubtful in term of sincerity than face-to-face ones. The last but not least similarity has to do with the risk. Both online relationships and face-to-face ones have the possibility to be deceived for money, sexual intercourse, physical assault or even homicide. Crime rates in online relationships as well as in face-to-face ones have been increasing. In real life, by 1991 the dramatic crime rate was 313% the 1960 crime rate and the rates are continuously increasing. Approximately 5% of the U. S. population, thirteen million people, are victims of crimes every year. United States Crime Rates, 1960 – 2006) The categories of crimes cover property thefts such as robbery and forgery as well as violence ,such as murder, forcible rape, physical and mental assault. Similarly, online relationships can lead into any categories of crimes that occur in face-to-face relationships. The cyber crime rates are also rising 255% in 2006 over 2005. (US. National Crime Records Bureau statistics, 2005-2006) According to the statistics, no obviously different risks between face-to-face relationship and online relationships appear. Summarily, people trend to e panic so much on online crimes that they overlook the fact that crimes that are caused by people in real life don’t have any less rates than online ones. It’s more than clear that, in contrast to what has been believed, both online relationships and face-to-face relationships carry the similar qualities in term of closeness, frankness and peril. In other words, internet relationships are no worse than the real life ones. Perhaps it’s time to reconsider our attitude towards this cyber romances as a virtual alternative relationships and to open the doors of opportunities and understanding for those millions online daters.

Depression Eulogy Essay Example

Depression Eulogy Essay Example Depression Eulogy Essay Depression Eulogy Essay Today we are gathered to mourn the most untimely death of depression. We are here to offer our condolences to depression’s closest company: self-pity, regret, and anguish. Depression went by many different names, to give just a few: sorrow, melancholy, desolation, and many more. Depression led what would most consider to be a successful life, it crept in, influenced many decisions, changed ways of thinking, acting and talking, it took over gradually when finally all that was evident was the effect depression had on those it influenced most. Yes, for some occasions, depression lost the battle to the courageous ones who chose to fight against it, but for most depression won the long and timely battle. Now I will be the one to mediate the influential life of depression. I remember the day depression and I met, I was only twelve but I realized at that very moment depression would have a major impact on my future and I was right. Depression continued to afflict me; gradually tearing me away from friends, family, and from any trace of a life I once had lived. But slowly I let everything I once held dear slip through my fingers like sand and I did nothing to stop it. I ceased caring about what mattered most and I recall when I started taking my depression out on myself when I couldn’t control my depression. It took me years to adjust to depression but eventually depression and I became very close I figured it seems as though I can’t get rid of it now might as well embrace it and that’s exactly what I did, I got very used to the affects depression had on me. In fact you could say depression and I even had a relationship of sorts, more of a mutual relationship than anything else. What depression and I had was each other and I believed for the longest time that that was the way it was always going to be. Well that was my circumstance, I had depression and depression had me; there was no going back and once I understood that everything became clearer. Clear as ever how I should manage my life. Depression had the effect on me to start drawing again, writing poetry, and even harming myself physically. What did depression receive in return? Well, depression received the satisfaction of making me miserable and that couldn’t make depression any happier. Ironic isn’t it? As I said before depression convinced me to start writing again. I recently read one of my dearest works. One that I can solely contribute to my good friend depression. I am going to recite a section of the poem depression helped me write: Now to consider what I want most does nothing more than humiliate me. Thinking of what I could’ve prevented seems to astonishing now. As if too difficult to fathom the nonsense of a most basic question. That is, why breath? Why deal with such anguish for only one happy smile. Not to last forever. Not even for a week. Though such easy questions would for most become as easy an answer not for me. with each step I take it sounds more and more lonely. I now think of nothing to save me. Depression was born August 26 2003 and died April 30 2009. Depression led a successful life. Depression was also good friends with one of my own family members. Unfortunately depression had a bigger influence on Steven. Depression took Steven from us January 12 2009. It was only then that I realized depression was too prominent in my life. I can’t honestly say many goods things about depression except for the fact that it made me stronger and now that it’s dead in my life I will never have to go through that experience again. Although I can thank depression for one thing, for showing me how beautiful life can truly be.

Language Maintenance, Language Death Essay

Language Maintenance, Language Death Essay Language Maintenance, Shift, and Death Sociology Essay Language Maintenance, Shift, and Death Sociology Essay Language is a complex phenomenon, which unites all human beings and impacts their cognitive and communication processes. The ability to communicate with complex signals, which are incorporated in various languages, significantly differentiates humans from other types of living beings on the planet. Apparently, language factor is one of the most important features for any civilization. The reason for this assumption is that language fosters cognitive processes and enables operation with complex and abstract notions. Moreover, the ability to communicate with the help of advanced language systems allows transforming abstract notions into more concrete objects. Thus, enhanced abstract and concrete thinking together with communication enables to create such societies and conditions for their living as cities. Consequently, numerous sciences study the phenomenon of language aiming at defining its basic concepts, systemic features, and other aspects. Currently, it is the object of interest for psychology, linguistics, sociology, history, and other branches of science including their broad range of narrower sub-branches. Furthermore, current reality and history of languages show that they undergo different processes, which include changes in their lexis and systemic structure. Among the most significant aspects demonstrating these processes are language maintenance, language shift, and language death. Thus, this paper investigates these phenomena characterizing them and giving specific examples for them. It is evident that language maintenance, language shift, and language death are the most significant aspects for sociolinguistics. Their analysis would enhance the general understanding of their role for sociolinguistics as well as for such branches as cognitive psychology and history of languages. The Phenomenon of Language Before characterizing the processes, which influence the development and the decay of language systems, one has to characterize the language phenomenon generally and from the position of sociolinguistics. Thus, the language is a systemic phenomenon, which involves the usage of different signs in terms of social agreement. Malathi (2015) defines language as â€Å"the communicative means of man, which plays a great part in our life and distinguishes man from the animals.† Moreover, the scholar claims that any current language is the result of the historical movement, and it changes throughout thousands of years (Malathi, 2015). The amount of languages in the world is constantly changing because of social and other interactive reasons. In the contemporary world, it is estimated that there are about 7,000 different languages with 90% of them used by less than 100,000 people (â€Å"Languages of the world – Interesting facts about languages†, 2014). What is more, schol ars indicate that about 46 languages have only one speaker whereas the majority of humanity speaks about 150-200 languages. The reasons for such statistics vary, but they are inevitably connected with the phenomena of language maintenance, shift, and death. Each language is characterized by structure and its vocabulary filling. Studies indicate that the most part of languages have similar grammatical structure even if they significantly differ in terms of vocabulary and are spoken on different continents (â€Å"Languages of the world – Interesting facts about languages†, 2014). One of the critical aspects of any language is its ability to change depending on various internal and external factors. Language changes occure constantly and involve its every level, which may include phonetic, graphic, lexical, grammatical, and other issues (Malathi, 2015). In their turn, language studies can be performed by means of comparing related but different languages existing at the s ame period of time. Likewise, language studies may focus on historical context comparing one language to another throughout their different stages of historical development. It is evident that many changes in languages reflect their general tendency for the development of more abstract and universal systems (Malathi, 2015). Thus, language maintenance, shift, and even death are the results of this tendency aiming at reaching versatility of the peculiar language system. Language Maintenance and Language Shift First, there is a need for the characteristics of language maintenance and language shift, as they are one of the basic aspects, which characterize any language system. Thus, the studying of these issues is connected with the relationship between the change of stability in habitual language use and ongoing psychological, social, and cultural processes (Fishman, 2013). Subsequently, language maintenance is the factor, which preserves a system of a particular language in its stable state and restrains the influence of exterior factors. Despite the fact it is impossible to completely bypass any of the exterior changes, it preserves the core of the language system allowing it to function without significant transformations. A peculiar feature of contemporary linguistics is that is puts particular stress on the social, political, cultural, and linguistic phenomena of heritage language maintenance and loss (Gonzalez, 2015). The reason for this is that the modern world has a variety of comm unities, which are characterized by the coexistence of the speakers of different languages. Therefore, there is a danger of losing identity of any particular language because of such active interaction. As characterized by the scholars, the exposure of the discussed phenomena may be observed in the case of coexistence of two linguistically distinguishable populations in contact (Malathi, 2015). Consequently, constant interaction causes the speakers to adopt peculiar grammar structures or lexemes, thus shifting the identity of their language. One of the examples studying the phenomena of language maintenance and shift explores the existence of the Slovenian minority group in one of the regions in northern Italy. Thus, as it was explored by the study of Jagodic (2011), the investigated processes among the Slovenian speakers revealed a persistent degree of language shift. As it was reported by the author, â€Å"the analysis of the language use patterns among the Slovenian community me mbers, presented in the first section, has clearly revealed a slow, yet progressive advancing of the processes of the shift towards the use of the Italian language.† The implications of this study advise the community members about establishing activities aimed at language maintenance within the targeted community. Moreover, it is evident that similar investigations addressing the issues of language maintenance and language shift indicate the fact that minor language communities are endangered by the bigger neighbors. The reason for the fears associated with this phenomenon is that any language is regarded as the core of culture and the basic cultural value (Bradley, Bradley, 2013). Therefore, analyzed issues are relevant for the communities having bilingualism and coexistence of minor and major language populations. Likewise, similar shifts may be observed if minor cultures experience difficulties with mastering their own languages whereas the neighboring language of a major culture is easier to learn. Moreover, such relations can be noticed in case the society supports, tolerates, or represses language minorities for their languages (Bradley, Bradley, 2013). Thus, the tendencies of language shift are observed in the case of Italians’ and Catalonians’ coexisting. The result of th is coexistence is that despite former historical opposition between Catalan and Italic communities, the Catalan society has become mostly Spanish-speaking (Newman, Trenchs-Parera, 2015). Likewise, similar historical processes can be detected in the case of the English language history. Thus, Knooihuizen (2015) claims that despite the coexistence of Cornish English, Manx English, and Shetland Scots in Early Modern English period, they had an overall tendency towards unification. The result of this process was becoming of some grammatical forms and lexemes more common, whereas the others were substituted actualizing the scenario of standardization through language shift. Therefore, gradually, various dialects coexisting in Early Modern English period lost their varieties when facing the reality of the predominant language standard. On the contrary, there are cases in history when English was driven out from certain communities since it was the feature of minor social groups. Such case is described in the study of Perez (2015), who investigates the reasons for social rejection of the English language by the inhabitants of Paraguays New Australia. The scholar argues about the fact that at the end of the 20th century, almost 600 colonizers from the UK and Australia settled in Paraguay (Perez, 2015). Their initial goal was setting up the society of pure English-speakers. However, the sociolinguistic history of the community in Paraguay indicates that it was divided into speakers of Spanish and English. As a result of the domination of Spanish language in the country, the English community was underrepresented, which caused English language’s disap pearance from Paraguay (Perez, 2015). Thus, even if language may have a majority of speakers worldwide, it may disappear from particular countries with no community support. Furthermore, there is a need for the discussion of language maintenance and language shift in the time of globalization. Thus, it is evident that the world speakers favor a small list of mostly spoken languages. Among the top five spoken languages in the world are Mandarin, English, Hindustani, Spanish, and Russian with over 1 billion, 508, 497, 392, and 277 million speakers respectively (â€Å"Top 10 most spoken languages in the world†, 2008). This fact means that in case there is a community of minor language speakers, its language may be exposed to danger of extinction or language death. Therefore, there is a need for the characteristics of the reasons and factors causing language disappearance Language Death A peculiar value of any language lies in the fact that it represents the vision of the world depicted through the perception of the speakers. Thus, the language death is a significant negative event, which causes a loss of cultural individuality represented by it. The existence of any language is supported by a broad range of political, economic, demographic, and social factors (Crystal, 2012). Therefore, these factors may also cause or stimulate the loss of a language. Furthermore, since language cannot be separated from its speakers, one may presume that the first languages appeared with the first humans and their organized communities. Scholars assume that if humans started speaking 200,000 years ago and the first language appeared 100,000 years ago, there might be between 64,000 and 140,000 languages ever existing (Brons, 2014). It is evident that some part of them is already dead, whereas approximately 2,500 of the existing ones are considered endangered (Kornai, 2013). Moreover , there are scientists, who estimate that the total number of languages may be higher up to the proportion of 50-90% of the assumed world’s 6,900 languages (Romaine, 2013). According to various claims, the result of this may be not only social, economic, or political factors but, additionally, the language environment. For instance, Romaine (2013) indicates that environmental changes of the past, which caused hunger and diseases, changed the ecosystems of the existing societies. As a result, their migration and assimilation led to the death of various language groups. However, developing the concept of the ecology of language, Romaine (2013) blends it with other features such as sociological and psychological conditions of each language along with their impact. Furthermore, some linguists mix sociolinguistic and biological theories in order to find the adequate explanation of the processes of the languages extinction. Thus, Ritchie (2014) refers to the study of Claude Hagege who traces the analogy between the existence of language and theories of evolution. Additionally, the author stresses that certain linguists explored this phenomenon through the prism of Darwinian concepts of natural selection, speciation, and extinction (Ritchie, 2014). A peculiar feature of his views is that he considered that a language may live even though it has no speakers but only written texts. In this sense, texts were regarded as autonomous reproductions of an extinct language. At the same time, Ritchie (2014) argues that the dying languages experience the processes of lexical, phonological, and grammatical erosion. As it is viewed by the scholar, these events are the result of the absence of intergenerational communication and the absence of younger speakers. Additionally, one should note that language death is a natural phenomenon, which is caused by the ignorance of a language towards social resistance and its assimilation into the dominant language (Canagarajah, 2015). Thus, despite scholar claims that psycholinguistic aspects of language assimilation require additional sociolinguistic research (Canagarajah, 2015), he discusses the phenomenon of linguistic emancipation. The example of the result of language death may be the Maliseet language, the only speaker of which has lost his linguistic knowledge at a young age (Sodikoff, 2012). As a result, the former speaker of Maliseet has lost one’s cultural reference and identity by means of assimilation with other culture. Consequently, scholars indicate that pidgin- and creole-speaking people are among those speakers, whose languages remain on the fringe of the world’s languages (Sodicoff, 2012). Therefore, they suffer from the pressure of bigger cultural communities and more popular languages, which, in turn, endanger their historically natural community and language. The discussed issue shows that the natural language shift towards more favored languages and cultures causes the overall language shift of minor language communities. As a result, younger speakers of these communities refuse to learn their own language and culture giving favor to more popular, useful, or easier language. At the same time, the endangered language itself experiences assimilative processes with the dominating language. The result of this is that its phonemic structure, grammatical structure, and the vocabulary obtain features from the host language. Thus, gradually, language shift causes language death. In order to resists these processes, minor language communities should develop language and culture preserving programs. These programs and initiatives should focus on language maintenance activities maintaining the unicity of the natural language of a peculiar community. As a result, the speakers would preserve cultural resistance towards the communities with major lang uage. Therefore, these actions would allow language to live even in the case of having underrepresented community of its speakers. Summarizing the presented information, the study comes to a conclusion that language maintenance, language shift, and language death are three significant factors for any society. The reason for this assumption is that any group of speakers has to have language maintenance with the aim of saving the unicity of their language and resisting assimilation. In contrast, language shift is a process of active relationship between the speakers of two languages characterized with a high degree of assimilation. A peculiar feature of this process is that minor language communities tend to lose the features of their languages when faced with major ones. As a result, gradual language shift towards the major culture causes the language death in minor culture. Such death is accompanied by the assimilation of phonemic and grammatical structures of the underrepresented language as well as its vocabulary. Therefore, minor communities require the establishment of measures and initiatives aimed at prese rving the existence of their languages. Consequently, the activities towards enhancing language maintenance in minor language community would allow avoiding language death.

Prehistoric Life During the Permian Period

Prehistoric Life During the Permian Period The Permian period was, literally, a time of beginnings and endings. It was during the Permian that the strange therapsids, or mammal-like reptiles, first appearedand a population of therapsids went on to spawn the very first mammals of the ensuing Triassic period. However, the end of the Permian witnessed the most severe mass extinction in the history of the planet, even worse than the one that doomed the dinosaurs tens of millions of years later. The Permian was the last period of the Paleozoic Era (542-250 million years ago), preceded by the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian and Carboniferous periods. Climate and Geography As during the preceding Carboniferous period, the climate of the Permian period was intimately linked with its geography. Most of the earths land mass remained locked up in the supercontinent of Pangea, with remote offshoots comprising present-day Siberia, Australia, and China. During the early Permian period, large portions of southern Pangea were covered by glaciers, but conditions warmed considerably by the beginning of the Triassic period, with the reappearance of vast rain forests at or near the equator. Ecosystems around the globe also became significantly drier, which spurred the evolution of new types of reptiles better adapted to cope with the arid climate. Terrestrial Life During the Permian Period Reptiles: The most important event of the Permian period was the rise of synapsid reptiles (an anatomical term denoting the appearance of a single hole in the skull, behind each eye). During the early Permian, these synapsids resembled crocodiles and even dinosaurs, as witness famous examples like Varanops and Dimetrodon. By the end of the Permian, a population of  synapsids had branched off into therapsids, or mammal-like reptiles; at the same time, the very first archosaurs appeared, diapsid reptiles characterized by the two holes in their skulls behind each eye. A quarter of a billion years ago, no one could have predicted that these archosaurs were destined to evolve into the very first dinosaurs of the Mesozoic Era, as well as pterosaurs and crocodiles!Amphibians: The increasingly dry conditions of the Permian period were not kind to prehistoric amphibians, which found themselves out-competed by more adaptable reptiles (which could venture further onto dry land to lay their to ugh-shelled eggs, whereas amphibians were constrained to living near bodies of water). Two of the most notable amphibians of the early Permian were the six-foot-long Eryops and the bizarre Diplocaulus, which looked like a tentacled boomerang. Insects: During the Permian period, conditions werent yet ripe for the explosion of insect forms seen during the ensuing Mesozoic Era. The most common insects were giant cockroaches, the tough exoskeletons of which gave these arthropods a selective advantage over other terrestrial invertebrates, as well as various types of dragonflies, which werent quite as impressive as their plus-sized forebears of the earlier Carboniferous period, like the foot-long Megalneura. Marine Life During the Permian Period The Permian period has yielded surprisingly few fossils of marine vertebrates; the best-attested genera are prehistoric sharks like Helicoprion and Xenacanthus and prehistoric fish like Acanthodes. (This doesnt mean the worlds oceans werent well-stocked with sharks and fish, but rather that the geologic conditions didnt lend themselves to the fossilization process.) Marine reptiles were extremely scarce, especially compared to their explosion in the ensuing Triassic period; one of the few identified examples is the mysterious Claudiosaurus. Plant Life During the Permian Period If youre not a paleobotanist, you may or may not be interested in the replacement of one weird variety of prehistoric plant  (the lycopods) by another weird variety of prehistoric plant (the glossopterids). Suffice it to say that the Permian witnessed the evolution of new varieties of seed plants, as well as the spread of ferns, conifers, and cycads (which were an essential source of food to the reptiles of the Mesozoic Era). The Permian-Triassic Extinction Everyone knows about the K/T Extinction Event that wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, but the most severe mass extinction in earths history was the one that transpired at the end of the Permian period, which annihilated 70 percent of terrestrial genera and a whopping 95 percent of marine genera. No one knows exactly what caused the Permian-Triassic Extinction, though a series of massive volcanic eruptions resulting in a depletion of atmospheric oxygen is the most likely culprit. It was this great dying at the end of the Permian that opened up the earths ecosystems to new kinds of terrestrial and marine reptiles, and led, in turn, to the evolution of dinosaurs.

The heart of darkness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The heart of darkness - Essay Example As for the â€Å"Financial Crisis Inquiry Report,† it examines the roots of America’s financial crisis. Kurtz and the people involved in the financial crisis underwent a process of dehumanization, because the power of capitalism and imperialism consumed them and turned their hearts into a dark shade of greed and arrogance. Kurtz loses his humanity, because capitalism and imperialism provided him with God-like powers. His main purpose was to deliver the goods back to the company through leading the natives. Marlow hates the â€Å"physical† and material foundations of imperialism: â€Å"The conquest of the earth, which mostly means taking it away from those who have a different complexion or slightly flatter noses than ourselves, is not a pretty thing when you look at it too much† (Conrad 69). But Kurtz found imperialism appealing, because he had self-interests to look after. In the story, Kurtz has changed from a simple human being into a savage beast. He y earned for the best and the most number of ivories, since he wanted to become rich and be fitting for his â€Å"Intended.† His economic goals became political, as the hunt for ivories turned into a power game.

Summary of book Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summary of book - Essay Example These images present readers with printed and verbal vocabulary required by specialists, public representatives, and residents to analyze the unregulated expansion of the American urban landscape (Hayden 2006). The book is a definitive narrative of contemporary words used by today’s architects and designers. A printed and visual dictionary for today’s property developers is necessary for keeping up with the pace of modern housing and all other physical elements that go with it. Metropolitan areas in the United States are structured around sustainable growth, where new expansive regions of vehicle-based buildings prosper while older districts fade away (Hayden 2006). Each of the images come with brief descriptions of their backgrounds in relation to their respective designers, as well as how they affect neighboring real estates. The transition from sprawl to sustainable urban settings causes Americans to resist sprawl guidelines or designs. In the process, challenging economic powers to pursue a steady and incorporated urban environment has not yet forfeited the mindless growth of

RBSs Internationalization Models Into Mexico As An Emerging Markets Essay

RBSs Internationalization Models Into Mexico As An Emerging Markets Using Country Of Origin Audit 2038 - Essay Example These are all factors and reasons that have necessitated the need for RBS to look for a new international destination where the company can continue its business in the manner that it has done in the British for years. But for the company to succeed with internationalisation, it is important that a market research will be conducted in the targeted market (Subhash, 2006). This market research proposal begins the process of actual market research of Mexico as an emerging market. When the need to adopt sustainability strategies as a means of avoiding possible decline of a product arises on a given market, there are several modalities that can be used to salvage the situation. Paul, Alan and Arun (2014) mentioned that companies can resort to the use of new product development as a means of responding to this situation. Another solution is internationalisation, which finds an entirely new market base for the product or service (Oviatt and McDougall, 2012). As RBS selects the use of internationalisation, there are some important questions that the company has to answer. These questions form the central problem of the research proposal. The first problem has to do with the country-based factors of Mexico that makes it either conducive or challenging for RBS. There is also the problem of banking industry based factors of Mexico that makes the country either conducive or challenging for RBS’s internationalisation ambition. Finally, there is the problem of s electing the best internationalisation model that meets the current internal position of RBS as well as the external factors the company is faced with as it seeks to enter Mexico. With the identified research problems given above, the market research will be performed with the aim of identifying the best means by which RBS can enter the Mexican market with all opportunities

APT- Arbitrage Pricing Theory and CAPM-Capital Asset Pricing Model Research Paper

APT- Arbitrage Pricing Theory and CAPM-Capital Asset Pricing Model - Research Paper Example In the action of comparing investments’ returns and risks, if CAPM or APT is well utilized, they will reflect on whether one ought to invest in a given firm or another. The formulas to these two methods are given under; CAPM Re= Rf + ÃŽ ²*(Rm – Rf) Where; Re = Required return rate Rf =Risk-free return rate ÃŽ ² = Beta, which is the market risk factor premium Rm = Expected overall market return rate (valuebasedmanagement.net, 2011) APT Re = Rf + (Individual risk factor premium*Relationship between the factor and price) + (Individual risk factor premium*Relationship between the factor and price) Generally, these two methods are different in that one (CAPM) uses beta- which is the risk factor of a given stock in relation to that of the market. Therefore, if beta equals 1 this stock is equally risky with the market, if it is 2 the same stock is twice risky in comparison to the market. While on the other hand, APT utilizes individual factors in place of beta. Also APT does not apply the market return rate and thus considered to be more particular to a given stock in focus. CAPM’s data is objective while APT applies data from a single stock. Thus, CAPM is recommendable to an investor who is relatively dormant as compared to APT, which if correctly applied is better placed to assess projects. (Grover, 2010) Some authors have applied APT and compared the resultant estimates with those of CAPM. Patterson notes one of the cases where such has been done is the electric utility’s, written by Ross and Roll in their 1983 book. According to Patterson the end results of APT were credible in comparison to those of CAPM. But, this was without enough justification of the results. (Patterson, 1995 p151) Besides the first two, there are methods of assessment like the Dividend Growth Model and Modern Portfolio Theory. The Dividend Growth Model shows the value of ordinary shares in present value of the prospected future flows of cash which has been invested by an investor. The receivable cash inflows are taken as dividends as well as the expected price in future while the stock will be disposed. An ordinary share usually does not possess maturity and thus, it is held for numerous years. Therefore, a general ordinary shares’ valuation introduced by Gordon would be as below; P0 = ?t= 1â₠¬ ¦? Dt/ (1+r)t Where; Dt = dividend in duration t P0 = current stock price in the market r = constant yearly rate of growth of dividends t = number of given durations of periods (Siegel, et al 1997 p140) Just to mention, the other model investment assessment is known as MPT- Modern Portfolio Theory. This is a theory applied by investors who are risk averse and at the same time they want to achieve maximum or optimum level of expected return which is based on the market risk level. It emphasizes that risk is inherent in the process of getting the rewards associated with it. MPT is sometimes called the ‘Portfolio Management Theory’. As per the argument of this model, it is a possibility to come up with an efficient frontier that depicts optimal levels of a portfolio giving the maximum rate of expected return at the given risk levels. (investopedia.com, 2011) The study is set out to explain that the most recommendable model in the assessment of investment projects is CAPM . First things first, though, since lack of consideration of the assumptions would not lead to a comprehensive outcome of the study. The model of CAPM has the assumptions mentioned below forming its basis; Persons seek to achieve maximum utility of their investment portfolio over a given duration of planning horizon, Persons involved are risk averse, Persons have expectations